Imaging of Athletic Injuries: Lower Extremity 

PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
The purpose of this program is to review the various imaging modalities used to properly evaluate common athletic injuries and then review both conservative and surgical interventional/therapy procedures commonly used today.

COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon successful completion of this program, the student should be able to:

1. Review the basic anatomy as well as its appearance on various imaging modalities.
2. Be able to intelligently decide which imaging modality available to the physician would be best suited to evaluate a particular disorder.
3. Develop an understanding of the current protocols used in physical therapy/conservative management of the more common athletic injuries.  The student should be able to incorporate these modalities in their own practice.
4. Develop an understanding of the current surgical procedures used to treat the same common athletic injuries.  Most importantly, it allows the student to have an understanding as to the thought process behind determining of a surgical procedure is indicated.

FORMAT 
The first part of the series will be presented in a lecture format.  A large number of images will be discussed however.

OUTLINE
HIP:
Review of the anatomy of the hip and foot/ankle joints including the appearance on various imaging modalities.

Detailed discussion of overuse syndromes/muscle trauma.

1. Muscle strains
2. Iliopsoas bursitis
3. “Snapping Hip Syndrome”                                                                                                                   

Detailed discussion of boney trauma and dysplasia.

1. Femoral head/neck fractures
2. Fractures of the acetabulum
3. Hip dislocations
4. DDH 

Detailed discussion of disorders involving the labrum.

1. Labral tears and paralabral cysts

Detailed discussion of osteonecrosis and other marrow disease.

1. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, including LCP and Chandler’s
2. Transient osteoporosis of the hip

Detailed discussion of trauma involving the ligaments and tendons about the ankle/foot

1. Achilles’ tendon
2. Tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior
3. FHL
4. Peroneus brevis
5. Lateral ligamentous injury
6. Medial ligamentous injury
7. Posterior impingement syndrome
8. Sinus tarsi syndrome

Detailed discussion of boney trauma

1. Lisfranc fracture/dislocation
2. Fractures of the 5^th metatarsal bone
3. Fractures involving the calcaneus

Detailed discussion of overuse syndromes

1. Os trigonum syndrome
2. Sesamoid dysfunction
3. Plantaris rupture
4. Tarsal tunnel syndrome
5. “Turf toe”

KNEE:
Review of the anatomy of the knee joint including the appearance on various imaging modalities.

Detailed discussion of major ligaments.

1. ACL
2. PCL
3. Medial collateral

Detailed discussion of meniscal lesions.

1. Discoid meniscus
2. Meniscal degeneration
3. Horizontal tears
4. Meniscal cyst
5. Longitudinal tears
6. Radial tears
7. Simple flap tears
8. Bucket Handle tears
9. Meniscocapsular separation
10. Appearance of the post-operative          meniscus

Detailed discussion of the posterolateral corner of the knee.

1. Lateral collateral ligaments
2. Iliotibial band syndrome
3. Posterolateral complex injuries

Detailed discussion of the extensor mechanism

1. Osgood-Schlatter/Siding-Larsen-Johanssen
2. Anterior bursitis
3. Patellar tendon tear
4. Quadriceps tendon tear
5. Transient patellar dislocation
6. Patellar dislocation
7. Plica syndrome

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